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2D Bitmap Specifications:

* BIFF - Notes on the XITE 3D file format
* BMP - MS-Windows bitmap format
* BW - SGI Black & White Image File Format
* CGM - Computer Graphics Metafile
. CGM Overview & Description
. CGM Technical Reference (WordPerfect 5.1)
. CGM Information, Examples, and Source Code [Link]
* DRAW - Acorn's object-based vector image file format [Link]
* DWG - AutoCAD drawings file format information [Link]
* FAX - The Group 3 Facsimile standard
. CCITT Draft Recommendation T.4
. CCITT Group 4 pointer
. DCX Format (graphics format for fax)
* EPSF - Encapsulated Postscript Files
* FIG - The FIG V3.1 file format (used by the xfig utility)
* FITS - Flexible Image Transport System
* GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
. GIF87a Specification
. GIF89a Specification
. GIF Compression
* GL - Another animation format
* HDF - Hierarchical Data Format [Link]
* ICC - Used for Kodak printer
* IFF - Interchange Format Files(e.g. ILBM & PICS)
* JPEG - JPEG File Interchange Format (V1.02)
* MIFF - Machine Independent Format
* NAP - The NAPLPS objected-oriented format [Archive]
* netCDF - The network Common Data Form [Link]
* PIX - Used by SGI Alias|Wavefront products
* PCX - Used by PC Paintbrush
. PCX Specification
. Additional PCX Information
* PNG - Portable Network Graphics Specification [Link]
* PBM+ - Enhanced Portable Bitmap toolkit
. PBMPlus overview man page
. PBM (monochrome bitmaps: 1 bit per pixel)
. PGM (greyscale images)
. PPM (full-colour images)
. PNM (general image format)
* RLE - Utah Run Length Encoded Format
* RAS - Sun Raster File Format
* RGB/RGBA - SGI Colour Image File Format
* SLD/SLB - AutoDesk Slide File Format
. SLD Slide File Format Specification
. SLB Slide Library File Format Specification
* SPRITE - Acorn's bitmap format for their RISC OS [Link]
* TGA - Targa File Format (this link incomplete with mistakes at Image Descriptor)
. Targe Spec Table of Contents (PostScript)
. Targa Specification (PostScript)
* TIFF - Tag Image File Format
. Tiff Revision 4 Info
. Tiff Revision 5 Info
. Tiff Revision 6 Spec.
. Tiff Class F Specification
* VIFF - Used by the Khoros Visualisation package
* X - The AVS Image Format
* XBM - X BitMap Format
* XPM - X PixMap Format
* XWD - X Window Dump Format

N.B. If you are interested in graphics viewers/converters for a particular format, please check the File Formats FAQ and the Graphics Utils' Site & Version FAQ.